第二，应当注意诽谤罪是属于行为犯还是属于结果犯。

或（ii）一方被实际的及时的告知。除非出版的索引和补充材料应经出版于联邦公报使得再次出版不实际，每个机构应当正确并及时出版和分发（出售或其它）。

第四，如果是新信息或额外信息替换错误信息，申请必须说明具体信息内容。要求申请费减免的申请者应该在最初的信息公开申请中提出申请。3.医疗纪录保存于联邦政府医疗纪录，例如退伍军人医院的纪录，不适用《隐私权法》的例外条款。第三，申请必须载明档案不正确，不关联，未更新或者不完整的原因。（iii）如果信息的公开有利于公众的利益，便于他们更能了解政府的活动与运行，而不仅仅只具有商业利益的话，机关应以不收取任何费用或低于第（ii）条收费标准的价格将文件提供给公众。

例如，大的机关的各个分支机构会有自己的《信息自由法》规则。一个人想要把握自己就是要用给予的信息和知识来武装自己。[23]《美国联邦政府守则》由美国政府印刷局的文件监管部门发售。

该机关可以延长做出复议决定的期限10天。调查和更正档案是《隐私权法》中最重要的规定。事实信息必须公开，除非其涉及到需要保护的机关决定相关信息。所有的国会出版物可以在全国的所有的联邦寄存图书馆查找到。

1996年的《信息自由法》修正案要求机关在技术上可行的前提下，必须在公开的文件中标明删除的部分，除非该标明会损害到例外而免于公开所要保护的利益。法律所规定的对于申请的回复期限并不是总是要符合的。

如果机关能证明有特殊情况存在，且机关正在作出应有的努力以满足申请人的要求的话，法院可以保留管辖权，并允许机关延长时间以完成文件的审查，一旦机关决定提供所申请的文件要求，文件须马上提供给文件申请人。1972House Committee on Government Operations. Records Maintained By Government Agencies. Hearings, 92nd Congress, 2d Session. 1972.1974House Committee on Government Operations. Access to Records. Hearings, 93rd Congress, 2d Session. 1974.House Committee on Government Operations. Federal Information Systems and Plans--Federal Use and Development of Advanced Information Technology. Hearings, 93rd Congress, 1st and 2d Sessions. 1973-1974.House Committee on Government Operations. Privacy Act of 1974. H. Rept. 93-1416, 93rd Congress, 2d Session. 1974.Senate Committee on Government Operations. Protecting Individual Privacy in Federal Gathering, Use and Disclosure of Information. S. Rept. 93-1183, 93rd Congress, 2d Session. 1974.Senate Committee on Government Operations. Materials Pertaining to S. 3418 and Protecting Individual Privacy in Federal Gathering, Use and Disclosure of Information. Committee print, 93rd Congress, 2d Session. 1974.Senate Committee on Government Operations and Committee on the Judiciary. Privacy: The Collection, Use, and Computerization of Personal Data. Joint hearings, 93rd Congress, 2d Session. 1974.Senate Committee on the Judiciary. Federal Data Banks and Constitutional Rights. [Summary.] Committee print, 93rd Congress, 2d Session. 1974.Senate Committee on the Judiciary. Federal Data Banks and Constitutional Rights. Committee print, 93rd Congress, 2d Session. 1974. 6 v.1975House Committee on Government Operations. Central Intelligence Agency Exemption in the Privacy Act of 1974. Hearings, 94th Congress, 1st Session. 1975.House Committee on Government Operations. Implementation of the Privacy Act of 1974: Data Banks. Hearing, 94th Congress, 1st Session. 1975.1976House Committee on Government Operations. Notification to Victims of Improper Intelligence Agency Activities. Hearings, 94th Congress, 2d Session. 1976.Senate Committee on Government Operations and House Committee onGovernment Operations. Legislative History of the Privacy Act of 1974, S. 3418 (Public Law 93-579): Source Book on Privacy. Joint committee print, 94th Congress, 2d Session. 1976.1977Senate Committee on Governmental Affairs and House Committee on Government Operations. Final Report of the Privacy Protection StudyCommission. Joint hearing, 95th Congress, 1st Session. 1977.1978House Committee on Government Operations. Privacy and Confidentiality Report and Final Recommendations of the Commission on Federal Paperwork. Hearing, 95th Congress, 1st Session. 1978.House Committee on Government Operations. Right to Privacy Proposals of the Privacy Protection Study Commission. Hearings, 95th Congress, 2d Session. 1978.1980House Committee on Government Operations. Federal Privacy of Medical Information Act. H. Rept 96-832 Part 1, 96th Congress, 2d Session. 1980.House Committee on Government Operations. Privacy of Medical Records. Hearings, 96th Congress, 1st Session. 1980.House Committee on Government Operations. Public Reaction to Privacy Issues. Hearing, 96th Congress, 1st Session. 1980.House Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. Federal Privacy of Medical Information Act. H. Rept 96-832 Part 2, 96th Congress, 2d Session. 1980.House Committee on Ways and Means. Description and Brief Analysis of H.R. 5935, Federal Privacy of Medical Information Act. Committee print, 96th Congress, 2d Session. 1980.House Committee on Ways and Means. Federal Privacy of Medical Information Act. Hearing, 96th Congress, 2d Session. 1980.House Committee on Ways and Means. Federal Privacy of Medical Information Act, H.R. 5935. Committee print, 96th Congress, 2d Session. 1980.1981House Committee on Government Operations. Confidentiality of Insurance Records. Hearings, 96th Congress, 1st and 2d Sessions. 1981.House Committee on Government Operations. Debt Collection Act of 1981. Hearing, 97th Congress, 1st Session. 1981.House Committee on Government Operations. Privacy Act Amendments. H. Rept. 97-147 Part 1, 97th Congress, 1st Session. 1981.1983House Committee on Government Operations. Oversight of the Privacy Act of 1974. Hearings, 98th Congress, 1st Session. 1983.House Committee on Government Operations. Who Cares About Privacy?Oversight of the Privacy Act of 1974 by the Office of Management and Budget and by the Congress. H. Rept. 98-455, 98th Congress, 1st Session. 1983.Senate Committee on Governmental Affairs. Oversight of Computer Matching to Detect Fraud and Mismanagement in Government Programs. Hearings, 97th Congress, 2d Session. 1983.1984House Committee on Government Operations. Privacy and 1984: PublicOpinions on Privacy Issues. Hearing, 98th Congress, 1st Session. 1984.Senate Committee on Governmental Affairs. Computer Matching: Taxpayer Records. Hearing, 98th Congress, 2d Session. 1984.1986Senate Committee on Governmental Affairs. Computer Matching and Privacy Protection Act of 1986. Hearing, 99th Congress, 2d Session. 1986.1987House Committee on Government Operations. Computer Matching and Privacy Protection Act of 1987. Hearing, 100th Congress, 1st Session. 1987.1988House Committee on Government Operations. Computer Matching and Privacy Protection Act of 1988. H. Rept. 100-802, 100th Congress, 2d Session. 1988.1990House Committee on Government Operations. Computer Matching and Privacy Protection Amendments of 1990. Hearing, 101st Congress, 2d Session. 1990.House Committee on Government Operations. Computer Matching and Privacy Protection Amendments of 1990. H. Rept. 101-768, 101st Congress, 2d Session. 1990.House Committee on Government Operations. Data Protection, Computers, and Changing Information Practices. Hearing, 101st Congress, 2d Session. 1990.1991House Committee on Government Operations. Domestic and International Data Protection Issues. Hearing, 102d Congress, 1st Session. 1991.1992House Committee on Government Operations. Designing Genetic Information Policy: The Need for an Independent Policy Review of the Ethical, Legal, and Social Implications of the Human Genome Project. H. Rept. 102-478, 102d Congress, 2d Session. 1992.2000House Committee on Government Reform. H.R. 4049, To Establish the Commission for the Comprehensive Study of Privacy Protection. Hearing, 106th Congress, 2d Session. 2000.House Committee on Government Reform. H.R. 220, The Freedom and Privacy Restoration Act. Hearing, 106th Congress, 2d Session. 2000.House Committee on Government Reform. The Privacy Act and the Presidency. Hearing, 106th Congress, 2d Session. 2000.附录4. 国会以外有关如何适用《信息自由法》和《隐私权法》之书目选（Appendix 4. Select Bibliography of Non-Congressional Materials on Using the Freedom of Information Act and Privacy Act of 1974）注：以下资料每隔一段时间可能被更新或出版新的版本，所以以下书目是在本《指南》更新时已有的最新版。通过《隐私权法》申请信息公开的个人能够帮助机关确定其申请信息的种类。除非，法律明确规定了拒绝公开的细则或者具体可以拒绝公开的信息。

除非该政府机构另有程序，不然直接向政府机构负责人的上诉可以被该机构受理。【可选】本人还附上了电话号码，若有必要，可以通过该号码于________时间段联系本人，商讨本上诉的情况。(D) 机关收到的处理信息申请数及机关实际处理数。为了帮助决定本人的状态，以达到决定费用的适用性之目的，您应当知道本人是（插入适当的申请者和申请目的的描述）。

与《信息自由法》合作，《隐私权法》也允许绝大多数个人档案可以向档案本人披露。[21]涉及到《信息自由法》和《隐私权法》司法审查的更多的规定可以在2004年的《联邦政府公开法》（电子信息隐私中心）中查找到。

大部分保存免于公开信息的机关会接受并且处理信息公开申请。（2）机构的组织运行形势。

第一，申请者必须说明申请是根据《隐私权法》提出的。（E）可能泄漏执法的调查或追诉技术和程序，或者在这项公开可以合理地预期会发生逃避法律情况时，泄漏执法的调查或追诉的行动纲领。没有处理信息公开申请的中央政府机关。在第101届国会会议期间，国会又根据《1988年电脑检索匹配与隐私权法》对《1974年隐私权法》进行进一步的修改。个人起诉政府机构，可在其居住地或档案所在地的联邦地区法院，或者哥伦比亚特区提起诉讼。公民个人必须有权力对该判定提出异议。

之前收到的非常复杂的信息公开申请可能延误其他申请，造成该机关的未处理申请大量囤积。《1988年电脑检索匹配与隐私权法》（The Computer Matching and Privacy Protection Act of 1988）对《1974年隐私权法》进行了一些修改和增加了新的条款。

如果申请人不清楚具体所要要求的文件，其必须明确并且清楚的描述以涵盖所有需要的信息。6.例外6： 个人隐私第六类例外包括人事，医疗和其他类似的如果公开将会明确造成对公民隐私权的侵害的文件。

但是，申请费减免的申请也可以在随后提出。需要调查关于自己的信息档案的公民个人必须首先明确该档案隶属于哪一机关。

K．司法诉讼当政府机构拒绝档案获取申请或者档案修改申请时，相对人可依据《隐私权法》要求民事救济。（3）当被申请的文件涉及到联邦调查局保持的关于外国间谍、反间谍或国际恐怖主义，而且这类档案的存在已经按照本法律（b）分节第（1）款的规定划分为保密的文件时，在这项文件仍然属于保密事项期间，联邦调查局可以认为这些档案不适用本节的规定。（5）机关以外的当事人和机关进行诉讼时，在法律上不能利用的机关内部或机关之间的备忘录或函件。(III) 只要可行，机关就应尽快处理本机关依据本分款的规定批准的可加速处理的文件申请，拒绝或未及时答复加速文件申请人的，将依据本法令（a）分节第（4）款条款受到司法审查，司法审查的判决应依据机关的文件而作出。

计算机匹配过程中的档案也会收到其他公开的要求。总的来讲，本法允许公民了解联邦政府如何搜集、保存、使用和传播信息。

一些机关的《信息自由法》办公室人手并不充裕。如果政府部门要求申请时要填写特别的表格，如加快信息公开时间，那么这些表格就要放到指南里。

本法同时要求所有涉及到计算机信息匹配的联邦或者非联邦机关在对与公民采取不利行动之前要独立核实信息。审查费用只能包括一开始的对于文件的复查。

（F）当法院命令对原告提交任何不适当地封锁的机关档案，并判决美国负担合理的律师费和其它诉讼费用时，如果法院另外又发出一个书面的裁定，指出封锁档案的情况产生，机关工作人员的封锁行为是否属于专横的或任性的行为时，特别律师必须迅速采取行动，以确定对拒绝提供文件负主要责任的官员或职员，是否需要采取纪律制裁，特别律师在调查和考虑提交的证据以后，必须向有关机关的行政当局提出自己的结论和建议，并将该结论和建议的副本送交应负责任的官员或职员或其代理人。很多信息会为了保护国家安全或者法律执行而被政府机关拒绝披露。H．对于拒绝获取信息申请的行政上诉程序与《信息自由法》不同，《隐私权法》没有对于拒绝获取信息申请的行政上诉程序的条款。独立核实信息包括独立调查和确认信息。

(iii) 如果文件申请人不接受机关合理地修正申请的范围或另外安排期限来处理申请（或修正过的申请）的建议，机关应将之作为本分款所考虑的一个特殊情况。本人系为了学术目的搜寻信息的教育机构代表。

虽然相比较而言，关于《隐私权法》的争议较少，但是涉及到该法律的判例和其他资源并不在少数。本人申请删除该信息/将该信息修改为：。

这些例外旨在保护国家的国防安全和外交政策、公民的个人隐私、企业的私有利益、政府职能和其他的重要利益。例外7（F）保护公开合理预见将会造成对个人的生命和身体伤害的法律执行信息。